Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 4 de 4
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(2): 264-271, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115497

ABSTRACT

El artículo compara el estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y hábitos de actividad física en escolares de primer año básico y primer año medio. Método: mediante diseño descriptivo prospectivo, se exploró antropométricamente y encuestó 225 escolares (94 básicos, 131 medios), previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. Resultados: según IMC, el 53,8% del total de estudiantes básicos y medios califica fuera del rango normal, a saber: 30,6% sobrepeso, 19 % obesidad y 4 % obesos severos. En el total de la muestra, la combinación de alimentos desayuno-colaciones de media tarde es alto en grasas, siendo esta combinación mucho mayor en básicos. Las combinaciones de colaciones moderadas en grasa son preferidas por los varones, a diferencia de las mujeres que consumen colaciones altas en grasas. El 68% de los hombres y mujeres de enseñanza básica realiza actividad física regularmente, en tanto los de media solo alcanzan un 58,2%. No se halló diferencias significativas en las variables antropométricas y alimentarias entre estudiantes básicos y medios, excepto en la realización de actividad física entre mujeres. Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y obesidad afectan gran parte de la muestra, las preferencias alimentarias tienen alto contenido graso y la actividad física que realizan decrece desde los estudiantes básicos a los medios.


The article compares the nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity habits in students. Method: Using a prospective descriptive design, anthropometric exploration was conducted and 225 schoolchildren were surveyed (94 primary and 131 high school students), after assent and informed consent. Results: Over half (53.8%) had a BMI outside the normal range, namely: 30.6% overweight, 19% obesity and 4% severe obese. The combination of breakfast and tea time foods was high in fats. This combination being much higher in primary school students. Moderate fat snack combinations were preferred by males, unlike women who consumed high fat snacks. Among primary school children, 68% performed regular physical activity, compared to 58.2% of high school students. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and eating habits variables between primary and high school students, except in physical activity practice among women. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity affected a large part of the sample. We observed a preference for foods with a high fat content and physical activity decreased between primary and high school.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Students , Exercise , Nutritional Status , Eating , Chile , Anthropometry , Prospective Studies , Education, Primary and Secondary , Age and Sex Distribution , Overweight , Obesity
2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(2): 147-151, 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-796801

ABSTRACT

Introduccion: La atención de pacientes con reemplazo valvular cardíaco constituye una actividad importante en cardiología. Si bien el recambio valvular representa una alternativa terapéutica eficaz para el manejo de esta patología, muchos pacientes requieren de tratamiento anticoagulante oral (TACO) para lograr mayor sobrevida. Objetivos: Describir los resultados terapéuticos obtenidos en un cohorte de pacientes sometidos a recambio valvular, controlados en el Hospital Regional de Antofagasta. Resultados: Se identificaron 180 pacientes con reemplazo valvular de los cuales 135 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Hubo 76 mujeres (56,3%), 59 hombres (43,7%); la edad global promedio fue 62 años (28-90), 59 años (30-90) en las mujeres y 64 (36-81) en los hombres. La válvula intervenida fue la aórtica en 69 pacientes (51,1%), mitral en 60 (44,5%), aórtica y mitral en 5 (3,7%), y tricúspide en 1 paciente (0,7%). No hubo casos de recambio valvular pulmonar. Se instalaron 122 válvulas mecánicas (90,4%) y 13 válvulas biológicas (9,6%). El INR promedio fue 2,64 (1,11-5,47). Según válvula intervenida el INR promedio fue: mitral 2,50 (1,11-4,89), aórtica: 2,75 (1,19-5,47), mitral y aórtica: 2,65 (1,28-3,74), y tricúspide: 1,87. Del total de cirugías valvulares, 77 (57,03%) se encontraron dentro del rango terapéutico deseado: (mitral 33/60, Aórtica 43/69 mitral y aórtica 0/5, Tricúspide: 0/1). 58 pacientes (42,97%) se encontraron fuera del rango terapéutico deseado. Conclusion: Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro centro se encuentran por debajo de las recomendaciones nacionales. La dificultad por obtener mejores resultados refuerza el uso de prótesis biológicas y la implementación óptima de un policlínico de tratamiento anticoagulante (TACO).


Background: Care of patients with cardiac valve replacement often includes the need for anticoagulation which prevents complications that may decrease survival rate. Aim: to describe the experience with OAT in a cohort of patients with cardiac valve replacement at the Regional Hospital in Antofagasta Results: 135 out of 180 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. There were 76 females (56.3%) and 59 males (43.7%), with a mean of 62 years old (28-90), 59 (30-90) in females and 64 (36-81) in males. The valve replaced was the aortic in 69 patients (51.1%), the mitral in 60 (44.5%), both the aortic and the mitral valve in 5 (3.7%). Only 1 patients had a tricuspid valve replaced. 122 mechanical valves (90.4%) and 13 biological valves (9.6%) were implanted. The overall mean INR was 2.64 (1.11 - 5.47). The mean INR value according to the valve replaced was: mitral valve 2.5 (1,11-4,89), aortic valve 2.75 (1.195.47) and mitral plus aortic valve 2.65 (1.28-3.74). Overall, 58 patients were found to be outside the therapeutic target. Conclusion: These results are less satisfactory than those proposed by national guidelines. The anticoagulant clinic must be optimized and more biological rather than mechanical valves should be used for cardiac valve replacement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Heart Valves/surgery , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Administration, Oral , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , International Normalized Ratio , Observational Study , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
3.
Cienc. Trab ; 12(38): 454-460, oct.-dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583466

ABSTRACT

Utilizando un diseño transversal, se estudió 40 sujetos, todos varones trabajadores de una empresa de la gran minería del norte de Chile. El propósito fue identificar las diferencias significativas entre los indicadores de la condición física y el Síndrome de Dolor Lumbar (SDL). Se evaluaron diversas variables de la condición física en dos grupos, uno con SDL y otro sin SDL. Los resultados indicaron que la tasa de prevalencia global del síndrome de dolor lumbar fue de 67,5 por ciento, en tanto que cinco factores de la condición física resultaron ser estadísticamente significativos respecto de la presencia del SDL (potencia abdominal, fatigabilidad de los erectores espinales, flexibilidad general, flexibilidad lumbar y el perímetro de cintura). La obesidad y el sobrepeso estuvieron presentes en el 65 por ciento de la población estudiada, no obstante no implicó significancia estadística entre los grupos analizados excepto cuando su distribución afectó el perímetro de cintura.


By means of a transversal study, 40 subjects were studied. All of them were male workers belonging to a large-scale mining company located in the North of Chile. The purpose was to identify the significant differences between physical condition and low back pain syndrome (LBS) indicators. A diversity of variables of physical condition was evaluated in two groups, a LBS group and “healthy” group. Results indicated that global prevalence rate of low back pain syndrome was 67,5 percent where as five factors of the physical condition resulted to be statistically significant according to the presence of LBS (abdominal strength, muscular fatigue in spinal erectors, general flexibility, lumbar flexibility and waist perimeter). 65 percent of the population presented obesity and overweight, however, this did not involve a statistical significance between groups in study, except when waist perimeter was affected by distribution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Low Back Pain , Mining , Prevalence , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 13(1): 16-32, dic. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567074

ABSTRACT

Using a transversal design, we studied 40 male workers of a mining company in the north of Chile, in order to identify indicators of the physical conditions related to the syndrome of lumbar pain (SLP). The overall prevalence of SLP was 67.5%; the factors of physical condition, abdominal strength, fatigue of spinal erectors, general flexibility, lumbar flexibility and waist circumference were statistically associated with SLP. Although obesity and overweight were present in 65% of the studied sample, there was no statistical difference between the studied groups except for waist circumference. We conclude that ergonomics offers alternatives with scientific rigor which allow an adequate therapeutic and prophylactic management of this work-related pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Ergonomics , Mining , Risk Assessment/methods , Occupational Groups , Motor Activity/physiology , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Low Back Pain/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Posture/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Working Conditions , Workload
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL